中国组织工程研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (34): 6183-6192.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.34.019
• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇 下一篇
陈宝林1,王东安2, 3
出版日期:
2013-08-20
发布日期:
2013-08-20
作者简介:
陈宝林,男,1960年生,河北省新城县人,汉族,1983年东北师范大学毕业,教授,主要从事组织工程材料(生物医用高分子材料)的制备及表征方面的研究。
Chen Bao-lin1, Wang Dong-an2, 3
Online:
2013-08-20
Published:
2013-08-20
About author:
Chen Bao-lin, Professor, Bureau of Scientific Research, Hulunbuir College, Hulunbeier 021008, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
baolinchenkyc@sina.com
摘要:
背景:用于心血管医疗的生物材料在血液接触性条件下必须具有抗血栓性、对抗生物降解性与抗感染性。
目的:考察用于心血管组织工程的新型植(介)入型聚合物材料(表面)的生物相容性、血液相容性和细胞相容性。
方法:检索1967至2012年 PubMed数据库及万方数据库。检索词为“biocompatibility, lood compatibility, biomedical materials, biomedical polymer materials;生物相容性材料,血液相容性材料,生物医用材料,医用高分子材料”。
结果与结论:深入研究了可用作生物材料的接枝共聚物表面和嵌段共聚物表面,发现表面与本体的差别将体现在从表面向本体延伸的很多层分子上,而两种主要因素决定了其包括本体/表面差异及表面相分离在内的本体/表面行为,即表面能和分子运动性。如果考虑到对本体-表面的组成差异的理解,则还必须追加另以附加决定因素,即各组分的结晶行为。如果接枝共聚物或嵌段共聚物中所含的组分之一具有相对较高的结晶性,则另一组分将被挤榨出去,结果导致表面的分区化;结晶也阻碍分子的运动及扩散,最终共聚物两组分的不相容程度将影响本体及表面层中的相分离趋势。
中图分类号:
陈宝林,王东安. 心血管医疗装置的聚合物表面构建及生物相容性[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2013, 17(34): 6183-6192.
Chen Bao-lin, Wang Dong-an. Surface construction and biocompatibility of polymeric used for cardiovascular medical device[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2013, 17(34): 6183-6192.
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Sources
The PubMed database and Wanfang database were retrieved for related articles from 1967 to 2012. The key words were “biocompatibility, blood compatibility, biomedical materials, biomedical polymer materials” in Chinese and English. A total of 191 articles were screened out.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria
The articles related with the blood compatibility study of biomedical polymer materials: research of polymeric biomaterials and surface used for cardiovascular medicine were included. For the articles in the same field, those published recently or in the authorized journals were selected.
Exclusion criteria
The repetitive articles were eliminated.
Data extraction
A total of 191 articles were screened out, included 21 Chinese articles and 170 English articles. Among them, 102 articles that poorly correlated with the research purpose and with old and repetitive content were eliminated, and finally 89 articles were included for review.
Quality evaluation
The 87 articles that met the inclusion criteria were further analyzed. Literatures [1-35] discussed the type and application of polymeric biomaterials used for cardiovascular medicine, literatures[36-42] investigated the design requirements of cardiovascular medical devices and implantable soft tissue substitutes, and literatures [43-87] explored the graft copolymer surface and a block copolymer surface that could be used as biomaterials.
从强度、依从性(顺应性)、抗蠕变性、抗老化性、光滑性、吸水性、生物稳定性、生物活性及生物响应性,9个方面论述了心血管医疗器件及可植入性软组织替代物的设计要求。
长期以来,在解决材料的生物相容性问题上,人们对材料表面的修饰研究得较多,如血液相容性材料的研制上,通常对材料进行表面分子设计,改善表面的亲硫水性、引入带电基团、负载生物活性物质等,以尽量减轻血栓的形成来提高材料的血液相容性。然而,处于生物系统中的材料由于接触到体液、有机大分子、酶、自由基、细胞等多种因素,其生物学环境极为复杂,表面修饰的方法对血液相容性的改善有限。
利用ATR-FTIR、X射线光电子能谱及接触角测定法对材料共混组分间的相互作用原理及表面构象进行表征,结果表明,改性剂M(S)PEO 与基材PEU之间存在羰-氨氢键缔合,此缔合建立于改性剂分子中央的MDI段与PEU 硬段之间,据此可建立“共混氢键接枝”模型;共混-涂层法表面改性的实现是在改性剂分子本身的两亲性性质和PEU基材的高弹态性质基础上,通过改性剂分子向共混膜表面的自发迁移与富集而完成的,这种自发迁移的取向与动力则决定于两亲性改性剂分子的低表面能趋向和亲-疏水性,据此可提出改性剂于共混体系中的“自迁移表面富集”模型,并在此基础上提出“改性剂有限表面流失的本体补偿”机制。这样,便可确证共混-涂层法表面改性的可实现性与稳定性,从而使这种简便、有效的改性方法得以确立。另外,使用变角XPS技术对改性剂端基在表面层不同深度处的含量进行了测量,并以之探讨端基与不同分子尺寸之PEO桥联之间的相互作用对表面构象的影响,可建立短链MSPEO改性物于水相界面典型的“PEO环形构象”模型。而表面涂层体系较之于本体共混体系,则强化了改性剂与基材间的不良相容性动力,同时弱化了“自迁移表面富集”的动力学阻力。
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